What Kind of Fire Extinguisher is Best for Electrical Fires?

Electrical fires are among the most dangerous types of fires in homes, offices, and industrial settings. They can escalate rapidly and are caused by faulty wiring, overloaded circuits, malfunctioning appliances, or short circuits. Using the wrong fire extinguisher can result in electrocution, further damage, or even death.

When an electrical fire occurs, your priority should be to de-energize the power source if it’s safe. The next step is to use a fire extinguisher rated for electrical fires, commonly referred to as a Class C fire extinguisher in the United States or a Class E in some other countries like Australia.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore:

• The fire classes and how they relate to electrical fires

• The best types of extinguishers for electrical fires

• How to use them safely and effectively

• Common mistakes and safety considerations

• Real-world applications and maintenance

• Regulatory compliance and industry standards

Whether you’re a homeowner, safety officer, or business manager, this article will equip you with practical, safety-compliant knowledge to act decisively and safely.

Understanding Fire Classes and the Nature of Electrical Fires

To determine the right fire extinguisher, it’s critical to understand fire classifications.

Fire Classes at a Glance:

Why Class C Extinguishers Are Best for Electrical Fires

Electrical fires are uniquely dangerous because of the risk of electrocution. Using water-based extinguishers, such as Class A or ABC extinguishers, without proper insulation can conduct electricity and harm the user.

A Class C fire extinguisher is designed to interrupt the fire without conducting electricity, ensuring both effectiveness and user safety.

• Class C extinguishers do not contain water

• They use non-conductive extinguishing agents, such as CO₂ or dry chemicals

• Once the power is shut off, the fire may change class and may then be fought with other types

Unique Insight: Not all extinguishers labeled “multi-purpose” are ideal for electrical fires. Many ABC extinguishers contain ammonium phosphate, which can corrode electrical equipment. So while they may smother flames, they could damage sensitive electronics if used improperly.

The Best Types of Fire Extinguishers for Electrical Fires

Now let’s explore which extinguishers are recommended—and which are not—when it comes to tackling electrical fires.

1. CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) Fire Extinguishers – The Top Choice

CO₂ fire extinguishers are considered the most suitable and safest for most electrical fires.

Why CO₂ Is Best:

• Non-conductive gas

• Leaves no residue—great for computers, server rooms, and electronics

• Quick cooling effect to eliminate the heat component of the fire triangle

Best Use Cases:

• Electrical panels

• IT server rooms

• Office electronics

• Battery-powered devices

Drawbacks:

• Not effective outdoors due to rapid gas dispersion

• Risk of asphyxiation in enclosed spaces

Fact: The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) recommends CO₂ extinguishers as a primary defense against Class C fires in professional settings. [Source: NFPA 10]

2. Dry Chemical (ABC or BC) Fire Extinguishers – Widely Available and Effective

Types:

• BC extinguishers: Contain sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate

• ABC extinguishers: Contain monoammonium phosphate

These extinguishers are non-conductive and interrupt the chemical reaction in the fire triangle.

Pros:

• Versatile: Can also fight Class A and B fires

• Common in homes and workplaces

• Fast action with broad fire suppression capability

Cons:

• Leaves powdery residue that can damage electronics

• Can reduce visibility when discharged indoors

Pro Tip: If you’re protecting electronic equipment and can only have one extinguisher, go for a CO₂ extinguisher. However, an ABC extinguisher is better for general household use.

3. Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers – Ideal for High-Tech Environments

Also known as Halotron or FE-36 extinguishers, clean agent types are perfect for sensitive environments.

Advantages:

• Non-conductive and residue-free

• Safe for electrical and electronic equipment

• Leaves no moisture

• Non-toxic and ozone-friendly (unlike Halon-1211)

Ideal Settings:

• Data centers

• Control rooms

• Museums and archival storage

• Labs with expensive instruments

Limitations:

• More expensive

• Typically used in commercial or high-value environments

Expert Insight: Clean agents are replacing Halon-based extinguishers, which were phased out due to ozone layer concerns. They’re a good investment where protecting assets is a priority.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher on Electrical Fires: PASS Technique

Knowing which extinguisher to use is only half the battle. Knowing how to use it effectively is critical.

Use the PASS Method:

1. Pull the pin – breaks the tamper seal

2. Aim the low–point nozzle at the base of the fire

3. Squeeze the handle – release the extinguishing agent

4. Sweep from side to side – until the fire is out

Safety Considerations:

• Never touch the nozzle of a CO₂ extinguisher—it gets extremely cold and can cause frostbite

• Always turn off the power source if possible before fighting the fire

• Stay at a safe distance (minimum 6 feet)

• Evacuate if the fire becomes unmanageable or reignites

Unique Tip: Even if you’ve used an extinguisher partially, replace or recharge it immediately. You may need it again sooner than you expect.

Common Mistakes to Avoid During Electrical Fires

Despite the best intentions, many people make mistakes that worsen the situation. Avoid the following at all costs:

Using a Water-Based Extinguisher: Water conducts electricity and can cause electrocution. It can also damage nearby electrical systems and worsen the fire.

Attempting to Fight a Large Fire Alone: Small fires can be contained; large fires require professional intervention. Call the fire department immediately.

Not Turning Off the Power Supply: If you can safely access the circuit breaker, turning off the power can de-energize the fire and prevent re-ignition.

Using the Wrong Extinguisher Indoors: For instance, discharging dry chemical extinguishers in server rooms can cause collateral damage. Choose CO₂ or clean agent types for such areas.

Real-World Applications and Use Cases

Residential

• Recommended Extinguisher: Multipurpose ABC for kitchens and living areas; CO₂ for home offices

• Risk Factors: Overloaded sockets, space heaters, old wiring

• Tip: Test GFCI outlets regularly and don’t daisy-chain power strips

Commercial Offices

• Recommended Extinguisher: CO₂ or clean agent for server rooms; ABC for general areas

• Risk Factors: Computers, UPS batteries, HVAC systems

• Tip: Ensure employees are trained in basic extinguisher handling techniques

Industrial Environments

• Recommended Extinguisher: Dry chemical (ABC/BC) for high-risk machinery

• Risk Factors: Motors, transformers, control panels

• Tip: Conduct periodic electrical risk audits and LOTO training

Maintenance, Inspection, and Legal Compliance

Fire extinguishers must be inspected monthly and professionally serviced annually to comply with NFPA 10 standards.

Inspection Checklist:

• Is the pressure gauge in the green?

• Is the PIN intact and the tamper seal unbroken?

• Any visible damage or corrosion?

• Last inspection date visible?

Regulatory Bodies:

• OSHA: Requires accessible, properly labeled extinguishers in workplaces [29 CFR 1910.157]

• NFPA 10: Sets inspection, maintenance, and training standards

• Local Fire Codes: May have additional requirements

Important: Not following extinguisher maintenance guidelines can result in fines or, worse, fire system failure during emergencies.

Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for Electrical Fire Safety

Electrical fires demand a fast, informed, and safe response. The right extinguisher—whether it’s CO₂, dry chemical, or clean agent—can make all the difference in preventing catastrophic damage or loss of life.

Key Takeaways:

• CO₂ fire extinguishers are the best for electrical fires

• Dry chemical extinguishers work, but may damage electronics

• Clean agent extinguishers are ideal for sensitive equipment

• Always cut off the power supply if safe to do so

• Follow the PASS technique and ensure regular maintenance

Making fire safety a priority isn’t just about compliance—it’s about protecting lives and investments. Choose wisely, train your team, and ensure your fire extinguishers are always in working condition.

READ: Fire Extinguisher Inspection Checklist + 2 PDF Samples